A lintel is a bar set over the openings like entryways, windows and so forth in structures to help the heap from the structure above. The width of the lintel shaft is equivalent to the width of the divider, and the parts of the bargains incorporated with the divider. Lintels are arranged dependent on their material of development. Horizontal lintels are easy to construct as compared to arches.
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Bearing of Lintel
The bearing provided should be the minimum of the following 3 cases.
- 10 cm
- Height of beam
- 1/10th to 1/12th of the span of the lintel.
Types of Lintel used in Building Construction
Lintels are classified based on the material of construction as:
Timber Lintel
For the most part, Timber lintels were used in days of production. However, they are being substituted by a few new methods, regardless, they are mostly seen in bumpy areas. More expensive and less robust and defenseless against fire are the major impediments of timber.
On the off chance that the opening duration is progressive, at that point it is provided by joining the various numbers of wooden pieces with the aid of steel jolts which appeared in fig. It is composed of two wooden parts, which are stopped as far as possible with the aid of pressing parts instead of iron, in case of larger dividers. They are reinforced here and thereby the design at their top and base of gentle steel scales, called flitched lintels.
Stone Lintel
Those are the most well-known type, particularly where the stone can be accessed bounteously. The thickness of these is the most important design element. Additionally, these are provided in block dividers over the openings. Stone lintel is offered as a single piece, or more than one piece is possible.
This kind of depth is kept equal to 10 cm/metre, with a base average of 15 cm. They’ve used up anything like 2-meter ranges. Because of their fragile malleable existence, breaks are placed in the stone lintel in the framework being subjected to vibratory burdens. Therefore the warning is needed.
Brick Lintel
Those are used where the gap is less than 1 m and smaller burdens function. Based on the size the width ranges from 10 cm to 20 cm. Blocks with frogs are more fitting than traditional blocks, as when filled with mortar frogs offer more shear obstruction to the end joints known as jarred block lintel.
Reinforced Brick Lintel
These are used where the pressures become immense and the duration is more notable than 1 m. The width of the reinforced block lintel will be 10 cm or 15 cm or 10 cm or multiple. The blocks are masterminded to such a degree that the gap of 2 to 3 cm between the neighboring blocks is smart for the application of gentle steel bars as a fortification.1:3 Application of bond mortar to seal off the gaps.
Each third vertical joint comprises vertical stirrups of 6 mm length. At the foundation, the primary protection consists of a span of 8 to 10 mm between rows, which are clamped at the closures.
Steel Lintel
They are required where the stresses superimposed become immense, so there are large gaps. Which compose of pieces of channels or of moving steel joists. Based on the need, we will use one field or in combinations.
The steel joist is then mounted in concrete or cladded with stone to maintain the thickness the same as the divider diameter when used separately. Throughout the stage where more than one device is placed next to each other, tube separators hold them in place.
Reinforced Cement Concrete Lintel
Given their consistency, unbending existence, imperviousness to fire, efficiency, and straightforwardness in construction, the lintel made of reinforced cement is typically commonly used to traverse the openings for doors, windows, and so forth inside a building. Those are ideal for increasing of the heaps, and for every variety. The distance is equal to the divider diameter, and the depth depends on the range duration and stacking scale.
Fundamental fortification is provided at the foundation, and at the closes, half of those bars are switched. Shear stirrups are provided as occurring in fig, to resist transverse shear.
R.C.C lintel over a window with projection is displayed in the below figure.
Lintels for the R.C.C boot are built over the cavity walls. This will offer a healthy, economic appearance. As seen in fig. a robust D.P.C is given above.
